The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens
The Speciation of Modern Homo Sapiens
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Abstract
This volume addresses the question of the speciation of modern Homo Sapiens. The subject raises profound questions about the nature of the species, our defining characteristic (it is suggested it is language), and the brain changes and their genetic basis that make us distinct. The British Academy and the Academy of Medical Sciences have brought together experts from palaeontology, archaeology, linguistics, psychology, genetics and evolutionary theory to present evidence and theories of our understanding of these issues. Palaeontological and genetic work suggests that the transition from a precursor hominid species to modern man took place between 100,000 and 150,000 years ago. Some chapters discuss what is most characteristic of the species, focussing on language and its possible basis in brain lateralization. This work is placed in the context of speciation theory, which has remained a subject of considerable debate since the evolutionary synthesis of Mendelian genetics and Darwinian theory. The timing of specific transitions in hominid evolution is discussed, as also is the question of the neural basis of language. Other chapters address the possible genetic nature of the transition, with reference to changes on the X and Y chromosomes that may account for sex differences in lateralization and verbal ability. These differences are discussed in terms of the theory of sexual selection, and with reference to the mechanisms of speciation.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
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I The Origin of the Species
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II Language and the Evolution of the Brain
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From Protolanguage to Language
Derek Bickerton
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Is the Neural Basis of Vocalisation Different in Non-Human Primates and Homo Sapiens?
Detlev Ploog
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Laterality and Human Speciation
Michael C. Corballis
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When did Directional Asymmetry Enter the Record?
James Steele
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Bihemispheric Language: How the Two Hemispheres Collaborate in the Processing of Language
Norman D. Cook
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From Protolanguage to Language
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III The Search for a Critical Event
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Sexual Selection, Timing and an X–Y Homologous Gene: Did Homo Sapiens Speciate on the Y Chromosome?
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What Can the Y Chromosome Tell Us about the Origin of Modern Humans?
Chris Tyler-Smith
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Do the Hominid-Specific Regions of X–Y Homology Contain Candidate Genes Potentially Involved in a Critical Event Linked to Speciation?
Carole A. Sargent and others
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Preferential Sex Linkage of Sexually Selected Genes: Evidence and a New Explanation
Klaus Reinhold
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Sexual Selection, Timing and an X–Y Homologous Gene: Did Homo Sapiens Speciate on the Y Chromosome?
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